Classification of modern cars

Classification of modern carsAll modern cars can be classified into a number of grounds:engine type, its size, body type, drive axle, etc. The ability to share cars on the key features will allow, in particular, to adequately articulate their requirements for the future of the car before buying, as well as useful in many other cases. In this article we will discuss the most common classification of modern cars.Classification by type of motor vehicleAll cars, depending on the type of engine can be divided into two categories: those operating on gasoline or diesel-fueled, short - petrol and diesel. Despite the fact that both of those, and there are plenty of other fans, and the debate about the pros and cons of each type of run for many years, no-one says it best: petrol or diesel.Perhaps the reader a question: "As for gasoline vehicles all clear, but at what fuels run diesel cars?".Diesel fuel is ordinary diesel fuel, which is also working tractors and other farm equipment, military equipment, diesel trains, etc.TIPIt's no secret that in today's Russia, many motorists do not refuel at gas stations, and "an acquaintance", in other words - buy stolen fuel. Remember that the highest quality diesel fuel - from drivers, as well as the military: for these consumers, it must meet specific requirements, in particular - to be reliable at low temperatures. It is not recommended to purchase diesel fuel from the tractor, as well as from unknown people, if the summer has come, the winter can get stuck in the worst possible moment.The principal difference between a gasoline engine to diesel is that the gasoline engine the fuel is burned by a spark, which produces a spark plug, and the diesel is ignited by the spark plug. Note that the diesel engine is much more expensive to manufacture - it costs about 25-30% higher than that of gasoline. This is due first of all you are extremely sophisticated production technology: when performing certain operations and processes necessary to comply with just a space accuracy.But in most of the operation of diesel engines are more fuel efficient than their gasoline counterparts (the difference in fuel consumption per 100 km can be from 2 to 5 liters). On the other hand, the "diesel" are inferior to the gasoline engine pickup: gasoline car behave more playfully on the road (by the way, that's why among the sports cars are almost no cars with diesel engine).In winter conditions, the diesel engine can be unreliable: it is no secret that at low temperatures, diesel fuel thickens, and the car just stalls. However, this applies primarily to the old cars, and on modern machines all the features of a cold climate into account, and "diesel" Reliability is not behind the petrol engines. The main thing - to fill high-quality fuel, and during the cold season to travel to the "winter" diesel fuel.Classification by type of vehicle driveWhy the car is moving? Because the heat of combustion, which is formed in the engine, converted to mechanical energy of rotation, which in turn is transmitted to the drive wheels, and already they bring the car in motion. Depending on what the car wheels are leading, all cars can be divided into three categories: front-wheel, rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive.In front wheel drive cars is leading a pair of front wheels. A characteristic feature of these vehicles is their lack of drive shaft. Front-wheel drive vehicles are highly manoeuvrable, and the ability to more easily exit the skid.Rear-wheel drive vehicle driven by a pair of rear wheels. In this case, to transfer torque from the engine to the wheels is used propeller shaft, which extends from the front of the car to the rear axle. Note that in the former Soviet Union for a long time produced only rear-wheel drive car, the first front wheel drive car, committed a kind of revolution in the domestic automotive industry, has become a VAZ-2108. These machines began to come off the assembly line in the second half of the 80-ies. Note that many Russian motorists have experienced so far essentially only on the rear-wheel drive vehicles.As the reader probably already guessed that the four-wheel drive cars - the ones who are leading all four wheels. Note that if necessary the driver can disable any driving axle - for example, in order to save fuel.Among Soviet cars first became famous all-wheel drive car "Niva". By the way, that's it, then disable any constructive bridge had been made. However, domestic motorists quickly found a purely "Russian" way that was simple, like all brilliant: they simply removed the "extra" drive shaft. As a result, the respective axle torque is not transmitted, and he, of course, did not work. In this simple way fuel economy is achieved.A characteristic feature and the main advantage of the all-wheel drive vehicles is their high permeability. This allows you to ride them in the conditions under which an ordinary car can not be operated: in drifts of snow, on the swampy area, on roads with ruts in the mud raspolzayuschimisya (for example, in the woods), etc.Currently, the most prominent representatives of the four-wheel drive vehicles are SUVs. By the way, the most famous Soviet jeep auto industry - the famous "UAZ", the common people - "the goat". The most typical users "UAZ" in Soviet times were the chairmen of collective farms, agronomists, the police and the military.This is not surprising: the machine to cope with the lack of roads is excellent, and it is these categories of people most often go on "dead" Russian roads.Classification of vehicles by body typeModern cars can also be classified according to body type: sedan, hatchback, station wagon, car, limousine, sedan, minivan.The most common now is the body type "sedan." This vehicle has two or four doors and seats 4-5 passengers. Engine compartment and trunk are exposed, and the trunk is separated from the passenger compartment. The most typical example of a car with a body type "sedan" - the classic model of "Lada" (VAZ-2101 VAZ-2105, etc.). In the former USSR, the vast majority of cars were produced with this particular body.Body type "hatchback" is also popular, although not as widely distributed as a "sedan." Hatchback has two or four passenger side door, and another - a cargo located in the rear. The cargo door opens vertically, and the rear seat can be folded, allowing luggage capacity increases substantially. The standard state is inferior to the hatchback trunk roomy trunk sedan. Among the representatives of the Soviet automobile industry body type "hatchback" was a VAZ-2108, VAZ-2109, "Iz-estate", "AZLK Moskvich-2141". As for the cars, there is a great examples are many: such bodies are produced and the "Opel Astra" and "Ford Escort" and "Audi", etc.Another common type of body is a "universal." Such passenger cars interior, two or four side doors and one more - the fifth, which is located behind and cargo (ie close the luggage compartment). Of all the cars trunk is the most capacious wagon, so these machines are very fond of Russian vacationers. In addition, these vehicles is convenient to make family travel. The rear seat can be folded, if necessary, so that the luggage compartment is increased almost two times, then it is possible to transport large loads (eg, refrigerator). Classic representatives of the Soviet (Russian) automobile having a body such as "universal" - is the VAZ-2102 and VAZ-2104. As for the cars, then with the body and produce "Mercedes" and "Opel Omega", and "Ford Escort" and "BMW", etc.A variety of "wagon" is the body type "minivan." This machine is roomy, it has a higher suspension, it is somewhat like a "mini-minivan." A typical example - "Reno Stsenik" or "Volkswagen Sharan".

Often on the Russian roads can be seen from the car body type "compartment."They have two doors, and landing size rear seats, as it were "distressed" or "compressed". The trunk is small, the machine is well suited for urban travel - for example, to work, shopping, etc.It is still relatively exotic cars in Russia are the type of body "convertible." In these machines the body open, they do have many advantages, but the vast majority unprepared for a ride in the Russian context. The fact that they were created for use in warmer months. However, on the Russian roads (especially groundwater) in these machines, all covered with dust (including passengers), and when driving on wet roads (such as after a rain), all located in the car may well be doused with water from a dirty puddle of road passing by truck. And in a Russian winter "convertible" and is not acceptable at all: Folding Cloth (or any other material), roof of the car did not keep the heat (which is natural), so the car is very cold.Convertible is a close relative of the body type "roadster." This two-seater passenger with tent top, which if necessary can be folded.Body type "car" is more like a minibus: it has no protruding engine compartment and trunk. The most typical example of such a car - all the familiar native "Gazelle".The powers that be like to ride in cars with body type "limousine." We have all seen limos if not "live", then at least on TV. These machines have a large roomy body, additional seating, as well as the partition that separates the driver from the passengers.Classification of motor vehicles on the displacementEven a novice knows that the engine power is primarily dependent on its volume, which is measured either in cubic centimeters or, more often - in liters. Depending on the engine capacity in liters, all vehicles can be divided into the following categories:- Very small class;- Small class;- The middle class;- A large class.In compact cars engine capacity not exceeding 1.1 liters. The most typical representative - the VAZ-1111 (ie, known to all the "Eye"). Cars in this class, of course, does not have high power, so bricks to carry them to the country you are unlikely to succeed. These cars are designed for other purposes, in the first place - for urban trips (shopping, work, etc.) due to the small size they are maneuverable, and the engine a little bit of fuel consumed.Small class cars have an engine capacity from 1.1 to 1.8 liters. These are, for example, all models of classic "Lada" VAZ-2108 and VAZ-2109, "Muscovites", and from cars - "Opel Astra", "Ford Escort" "Volkswagen Golf", etc. Thesemachines are more powerful and speedy than they assemble very small class, and they need more fuel.By the mid-range cars are cars with engine capacity from 1.8 to 3.5 liters. Among the representatives of the Soviet automobile industry it refers only to the "Volga" (GAZ-21 GAZ-21 GAZ-3110, etc.), from cars - "Mercedes", "Opel Omega", "Ford Mondeo", "BMW "," Audi ", etc. In these cars is quite large and roomy body, they have high capacity and injectivity. However, the large volume of the engine, of course, requires more fuel efficient so these machines can not be called.As a large class, to him belong all cars with an engine capacity of more than 3.5 liters. Great body, interior - almost small apartments, high power - these are the main features of these machines. Consume more fuel than their middle class.Examples? Soviet (Russian), automotive vehicles not let these (except maybe the "chlenovozov" like "The Seagull" and government "ZIL"), and the cars are and "Mercedes" and "BMW-750", and "Lexus" and etc.By the way, a large class of cars is sometimes divided into business-class machines and luxury-class (the latter includes the largest and most powerful cars).